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This commit adds support to stm32's mboot for signe, encrypted and
compressed DFU updates.  It is based on inital work done by Andrew Leech.

The feature is enabled by setting MBOOT_ENABLE_PACKING to 1 in the board's
mpconfigboard.mk file, and by providing a header file in the board folder
(usually called mboot_keys.h) with a set of signing and encryption keys
(which can be generated by mboot_pack_dfu.py).  The signing and encryption
is provided by libhydrogen.  Compression is provided by uzlib.  Enabling
packing costs about 3k of flash.

The included mboot_pack_dfu.py script converts a .dfu file to a .pack.dfu
file which can be subsequently deployed to a board with mboot in packing
mode.  This .pack.dfu file is created as follows:
- the firmware from the original .dfu is split into chunks (so the
  decryption can fit in RAM)
- each chunk is compressed, encrypted, a header added, then signed
- a special final chunk is added with a signature of the entire firmware
- all chunks are concatenated to make the final .pack.dfu file

The .pack.dfu file can be deployed over USB or from the internal filesystem
on the device (if MBOOT_FSLOAD is enabled).

See #5267 and #5309 for additional discussion.
Signed-off-by: Damien George <damien@micropython.org>

Prior to this fix, the final piece of data in a compressed file may have
been lost when decompressing.
Signed-off-by: Damien George <damien@micropython.org>

This library is a small and easy-to-use cryptographic library which is well
suited to embedded systems.
Signed-off-by: Damien George <damien@micropython.org>

Without this fix, each time service registration happened it would do an
increasingly large malloc() for service state.

See https://github.com/apache/mynewt-nimble/issues/896.

Notably git-cmd which comes with git installations on Windows alters the
encoding resulting in CPython tracing encodings/cp1252.py calls.

The original logic of reducing a full path to a relative one assumes
"tests/misc" is in the filename which is limited in usage: it never works
for CPython on Windows since that will use a backslash as path separator,
and also won't work when the filename is a path not relative to the tests
directory which happens for example in the common case of running
"./run-tests -d misc".

Fix all cases by printing only the bare filename, which requires them all
to start with sys_settrace_ hence the renaming.

Changes are:
- Remove include of stm32's adc.h because it was recently changed and is
  no longer compatible with teensy (and not used anyway).
- Remove define of __disable_irq in mpconfigport.h because it was clashing
  with an equivalent definition in core/mk20dx128.h.
- Add -Werror to CFLAGS, and change -std=gnu99 to -std=c99.
Signed-off-by: Damien George <damien@micropython.org>

Mboot builds do not use the external SPI flash in caching mode, and
explicitly disabling it saves RAM and a small bit of flash.
Signed-off-by: Damien George <damien@micropython.org>

This only needs to be enabled if a board uses FAT FS on external SPI flash.
When disabled (and using external SPI flash) 4k of RAM can be saved.
Signed-off-by: Damien George <damien@micropython.org>

When littlefs is enabled extended reading must be supported, and using this
function to read the first block for auto-detection is more efficient (a
smaller read) and does not require a cached SPI-flash read.
Signed-off-by: Damien George <damien@micropython.org>

Signed-off-by: Damien George <damien@micropython.org>

These functions enable SDRAM data retention in stop mode.  Example usage,
in mpconfigboard.h:

    #define MICROPY_BOARD_ENTER_STOP sdram_enter_low_power();
    #define MICROPY_BOARD_LEAVE_STOP sdram_leave_low_power();

Calculate the bit timing from baudrate if provided, allowing sample point
override.  This makes it a lot easier to make CAN work between different
MCUs with different clocks, prescalers etc.

Tested on F4, F7 and H7 Y/V variants.

This commit prevents uos.mount() from raising an AttributeError.
vfs_autodetect() is supposed to return an object that has a "mount" method,
so if no filesystem is found it should raise an OSError(ENODEV) and not
return the bdev itself which has no "mount" method.

Mounting a bdev directly tries to auto-detect the filesystem and if none is
found an OSError(19,) should be raised.

The fourth parameter of readblocks() and writeblocks() must be optional to
support ports with MICROPY_VFS_FAT=1.  Otherwise mounting a bdev may fail
because looking for a FATFS will call readblocks() with only 3 parameters.

Since CPython 3.8 the optional "sep" argument to hexlify is officially
supported, so update comments in the code and the docs to reflect this.
Signed-off-by: Damien George <damien@micropython.org>

Signed-off-by: Damien George <damien@micropython.org>

As a general pattern, required positional arguments that are not named do
not need to be parsed using mp_arg_parse_all().
Signed-off-by: Damien George <damien@micropython.org>

Because the version included in xtensa-lx106-elf-standalone.tar.gz needs
Python 2 (and pyserial for Python 2).
Signed-off-by: Damien George <damien@micropython.org>

Because the setup functions may print other information which should not be
added to the path.
Signed-off-by: Damien George <damien@micropython.org>

Signed-off-by: Damien George <damien@micropython.org>

This much buffer space is required for CDC data out endpoints to avoid any
buffer overflows when the USB CDC is saturated with data.
Signed-off-by: Damien George <damien@micropython.org>

Changes in this new library version are:
- Update WB HAL to v1.10.0.
Signed-off-by: Damien George <damien@micropython.org>

To reduce code size, since mboot does not modify the filesystem.
Signed-off-by: Damien George <damien@micropython.org>

To prevent warnings about this function being unused when assertions are
disabled.
Signed-off-by: Damien George <damien@micropython.org>

At commit 1a59954ec64ca168828a15242cc6de94ac75f9d1
Signed-off-by: Damien George <damien@micropython.org>

The nrf52840-mdk-usb-dongle and pca10050 comes with a pre-flashed
bootloader (OpenBootloader).

This commit updates the boards "mpconfigboard.mk" to use DFU as
default flashing method and set the corresponding BOOTLOADER
settings such that nrf52840_open_bootloader_1.2.x.ld linker
script is used.

The default DFU flashing method can be disabled by issuing "DFU=0"
when invoking make. This will lead to "segger" being used as default
flashing tool. When using "DFU=0", the linker scripts will not
compensate for any MBR and Bootloader region being present, and might
overwrite them if they were present.

The commit also removes the custom linker script specific to
nrf52840-mdk-usb-dongle as it now points to a generic.

Updated nrf52840-mdk-usb-dongle's README.md to be more clear on
how to deploy the built firmware.

The port README.md has also been updated. In the list of target
boards a new column has been added to indicate which bootloader
is present on the target board. And for consistency, changed all
examples in the README.md to use "deploy" instead of "flash".

An additional Makefile parameter NRFUTIL_PORT can be set in order
to define the serial port to used for the DFU (Default: /dev/ttyACM0).

The "nrfutil" that is used as flasher towards OpenBootloader is
available for installation through Python "pip".

In case of SD=s140, SoftDevice ID 0xB6 is passed to nrfutil's package
generation which corresponds to SoftDevice s140 v6.1.1.

Add the option for "mpconfigboard.mk" to define whether the
board hosts a bootloader or not. The BOOTLOADER make variable
must be set to the name of the bootloader.

When the BOOTLOADER name is set it is also required to supply
the BOOTLOADER_VERSION_MAJOR and the BOOTLOADER_VERSION_MINOR
from the "mpconfigboards.mk". These will be used to resolve which
bootloader linker script that should be passed to the linker.

The BOOTLOADER section also supplies the C-compiler with
BOOTLOADER_<bootloader name>=<version major><version minor>
as a compiler define. This is for future use in case a bootloader
needs to do modification to the startup files or similar (like
setting the VTOR specific to a version of a bootloader).

Adding variables that can be set from other linker scripts:

- _bootloader_head_size:
    Bootloader flash offset in front of the application.

- _bootloader_tail_size:
    Bootloader offset from the tail of the flash.
    In case the bootloader is located at the end.

- _bootloader_head_ram_size:
    Bootloader RAM usage in front of the application.

Updated calculations of application flash and RAM.

Two issues are tackled:

1. The calculation of the correct length to print is fixed to treat the
   precision as a maximum length instead as the exact length.
   This is done for both qstr (%q) and for regular str (%s).

2. Fix the incorrect use of mp_printf("%.*s") to mp_print_strn().

   Because of the fix of above issue, some testcases that would print
   an embedded null-byte (^@ in test-output) would now fail.
   The bug here is that "%s" was used to print null-bytes. Instead,
   mp_print_strn is used to make sure all bytes are outputted and the
   exact length is respected.

Test-cases are added for both %s and %q with a combination of precision
and padding specifiers.

To reduce binary code size when not using I2C.
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Bruchim <yonbruchim@gmail.com>

The zephyr function net_shell_cmd_iface() was removed in zephyr v1.14.0,
therefore the MicroPython zephyr port did not build with newer zephyr
versions when CONFIG_NET_SHELL=y. Replace with a more general
shell_exec() function that can execute any zephyr shell command. For
example:

>>> zephyr.shell_exec("net")

Subcommands:
  allocs     :Print network memory allocations.
  arp        :Print information about IPv4 ARP cache.
  conn       :Print information about network connections.
  dns        :Show how DNS is configured.
  events     :Monitor network management events.
  gptp       :Print information about gPTP support.
  iface      :Print information about network interfaces.
  ipv6       :Print information about IPv6 specific information and
              configuration.
  mem        :Print information about network memory usage.
  nbr        :Print neighbor information.
  ping       :Ping a network host.
  pkt        :net_pkt information.
  ppp        :PPP information.
  resume     :Resume a network interface
  route      :Show network route.
  stacks     :Show network stacks information.
  stats      :Show network statistics.
  suspend    :Suspend a network interface
  tcp        :Connect/send/close TCP connection.
  vlan       :Show VLAN information.
  websocket  :Print information about WebSocket connections.

>>> zephyr.shell_exec("kernel")

kernel - Kernel commands
Subcommands:
  cycles   :Kernel cycles.
  reboot   :Reboot.
  stacks   :List threads stack usage.
  threads  :List kernel threads.
  uptime   :Kernel uptime.
  version  :Kernel version.
Signed-off-by: Maureen Helm <maureen.helm@nxp.com>

The -Og optimisation level produces a more realistic build, gives a better
debugging experience, and generates smaller code than -O0, allowing debug
builds to fit in flash.

This commit also assigns variables in can.c to prevent warnings when -Og is
used, and builds a board in CI with DEBUG=1 enabled.
Signed-off-by: Damien George <damien@micropython.org>