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Map indicies are most commonly a qstr, and adding a fast-path for hashing
of a qstr increases overall performance of the runtime.

On pyboard there is a 4% improvement in the pystone benchmark for a cost
of 20 bytes of code size.  It's about a 2% improvement on unix.

When looking up and extracting an attribute of an instance, some
attributes must bind self as the first argument to make a working method
call.  Previously to this patch, any attribute that was callable had self
bound as the first argument.  But Python specs require the check to be
more restrictive, and only functions, closures and generators should have
self bound as the first argument

Addresses issue #1675.

This is a convenience function similar to pyexec_file.  It should be used
instead of raw mp_parse_compile_execute because the latter does not catch
and report exceptions.

This is extension to CPython, it allows to easily produce human-readable
hex dump:

>>> ubinascii.hexlify(b"\xaa\x55\xaa\x55", b" ")
b'aa 55 aa 55'

Addresses issue #1636.

POSIX doesn't guarantee something like that to work, but it works on any
system with careful signal implementation. Roughly, the requirement is
that signal handler is executed in the context of the process, its main
thread, etc. This is true for Linux. Also tested to work without issues
on MacOSX.

Adds a lot of code, makes IRQs a bit less efficient, but is very useful
for debugging.  Usage: pyb.irq_stats() returns a memory view that can be
read and written, eg:

    list(pyb.irq_stats())
    pyb.irq_stats()[0]
    pyb.irq_stats()[0] = 0

The patch provides general IRQ_ENTER() and IRQ_EXIT() macros that can be
modified to provide further IRQ statistics if desired.

This builds upon the changes made in 21950463. Using signal() does not
produce reliable results so SetConsoleCtrlHandler is used, and the handler
is installed only once during initialization instead of removing it in
mp_hal_set_interrupt_char when it is not strictly needed anymore, since
removing it might lead to Ctrl-C events being missed because they are
fired on a seperate thread which might only become alive after the handler
was removed.

Everyone loves to names similar things the same, then there're conflicts
between different libraries. The namespace prefix used is "CRYAL_", which
is weird, and that's good, as that minimizes chance of another conflict.

This requires CPython3.5, to not require switching to it, just use .exp
file.

I.e. the expected result for above is b"foo", whereas previously we got
b"b'foo'".

This makes all tests pass again for 64bit windows builds which would
previously fail for anything printing ranges (builtin_range/unpack1)
because they were printed as range( ld, ld ).

This is done by reusing the mp_vprintf implementation for MICROPY_OBJ_REPR_D
for 64bit windows builds (both msvc and mingw-w64) since the format specifier
used for 64bit integers is also %lld, or %llu for the unsigned version.

Note these specifiers used to be fetched from inttypes.h, which is the
C99 way of working with printf/scanf in a portable way, but mingw-w64
wants to be backwards compatible with older MS C runtimes and uses
the non-portable %I64i instead of %lld in inttypes.h, so remove the use
of said header again in mpconfig.h and define the specifiers manually.

This uses the newly factored machine_mem functions.

Changes USB clock from 50MHz to 48MHz which improves USB communication.

Appveyor is like Travis, but for Windows builds. The appveyor.yml configuration
will build the msvc port in all configuration/platform conbinations,
and run the tests for each of those.

Requires addition of software implementation of sqrtf function.

This fixes the build after adding directory iteration in d874702f

This basically introduces the MICROPY_MACHINE_MEM_GET_READ_ADDR
and MICROPY_MACHINE_MEM_GET_WRITE_ADDR macros. If one of them is
not defined, then a default identity function is provided.

Ideally we'd use %zu for size_t args, but that's unlikely to be supported
by all runtimes, and we would then need to implement it in mp_printf.
So simplest and most portable option is to use %u and cast the argument
to uint(=unsigned int).

Note: reason for the change is that UINT_FMT can be %llu (size suitable
for mp_uint_t) which is wider than size_t and prints incorrect results.

MICROPY_ENABLE_COMPILER can be used to enable/disable the entire compiler,
which is useful when only loading of pre-compiled bytecode is supported.
It is enabled by default.

MICROPY_PY_BUILTINS_EVAL_EXEC controls support of eval and exec builtin
functions.  By default they are only included if MICROPY_ENABLE_COMPILER
is enabled.

Disabling both options saves about 40k of code size on 32-bit x86.

Saves 88 bytes on Thumb2, and 200 bytes on x86-64 archs.

To let unix port implement "machine" functionality on Python level, and
keep consistent naming in other ports (baremetal ports will use magic
module "symlinking" to still load it on "import machine").

Fixes #1701.

Compiles with mingw32, tested to work erratically under Wine due to
not fully implemented emulation in it.

This solves long-standing non-deterministic bug, which manifested itself
on x86 32-bit (at least of reported cases) - segfault on Ctrl+C (i.e.
SIGINT).