Fixes the hardware cdc jtag plugged/unplugged status and related timeout/delay (#9275)

* feat(hw_cdc):fixes the hardware cdc jtag plugged/unplugged status

This will use a new IDF 5.1 feature to detect if the USB HW CDC is plugged or not. This can be checked testing HWCDCSerial.
It also fixes issues related to timeout or delays while writing to the HW Serial when USB is unplugged.

* feat(usb): Creates HWSerial_Events.ino example

* feat: adds .skip.esp32

Skips the ESP32 SoC test given that it has no USB

* feat: adds .skip.esp32s2

Skips the ESP32S2 because it has no HW CDC JTAG interface

* fix: fixes issues with Ubuntu CI 

Only compiles the example in case it is using Hardware CD and JTAG mode.

* feat(serialcdc): non block functions

modifies write and flush to do not clock in case CDC host is not connected to the CDC client from the C3/S3/C6/H2

* fix(HWCDC): changes made demands testing for CDC ON BOOT

* feat(hwcdc): Improves HWSerial_Events.ino

Improves the example by adding more information about USB being plugged and CDC being connected.

* feat(hwcdc): solves CDC connection issue

Detects correctly when CDC is or not connected. 
Deals with USB unplugged while the sketch is printing to CDD.

* Update cores/esp32/HWCDC.cpp

* Update cores/esp32/HWCDC.cpp

* Update cores/esp32/HWCDC.cpp

* Update cores/esp32/HWCDC.cpp

* Update cores/esp32/HWCDC.cpp

* Update cores/esp32/HWCDC.cpp

* Update cores/esp32/HWCDC.cpp

* Update cores/esp32/HWCDC.cpp

* Update cores/esp32/HWCDC.cpp

* Update cores/esp32/HWCDC.cpp

* Update cores/esp32/HWCDC.cpp

* Update cores/esp32/HWCDC.cpp

* Update cores/esp32/HWCDC.cpp

* Update cores/esp32/HWCDC.cpp

* Update cores/esp32/HWCDC.cpp

* Update cores/esp32/HWCDC.cpp

* Apply suggestions from code review

---------
Co-authored-by: Lucas Saavedra Vaz <32426024+lucasssvaz@users.noreply.github.com>

libraries/ESP32/examples/HWSerial_Events/.skip.esp32

+

libraries/ESP32/examples/HWSerial_Events/.skip.esp32s2

+

libraries/ESP32/examples/HWSerial_Events/HWSerial_Events.ino

+/*
+ * This Example demonstrates how to receive Hardware Serial Events
+ * This USB interface is available for the ESP32-S3, ESP32-C3, ESP32-C6 and ESP32-H2
+ * 
+ * It will log all events and USB status (plugged/unplugged) into UART0
+ * Any data read from UART0 will be sent to the USB CDC
+ * Any data read from USB CDC will be sent to the UART0
+ * 
+ * A suggestion is to use Arduino Serial Monitor for the UART0 port
+ * and some other serial monitor application for the USB CDC port
+ * in order to see the exchanged data and the Hardware Serial Events
+ * 
+ */
+
+#ifndef ARDUINO_USB_MODE
+#error This ESP32 SoC has no Native USB interface
+#elif ARDUINO_USB_MODE == 0
+#warning This sketch should be used when USB is in Hardware CDC and JTAG mode
+void setup(){}
+void loop(){}
+#else
+
+#if !ARDUINO_USB_CDC_ON_BOOT
+HWCDC HWCDCSerial;
+#endif
+
+#include "driver/usb_serial_jtag.h"
+
+// USB Event Callback Function that will log CDC events into UART0
+static void usbEventCallback(void* arg, esp_event_base_t event_base, int32_t event_id, void* event_data) {
+  if (event_base == ARDUINO_HW_CDC_EVENTS) {
+    switch (event_id) {
+      case ARDUINO_HW_CDC_CONNECTED_EVENT:
+        Serial0.println("CDC EVENT:: ARDUINO_HW_CDC_CONNECTED_EVENT");
+        break;
+      case ARDUINO_HW_CDC_BUS_RESET_EVENT:
+        Serial0.println("CDC EVENT:: ARDUINO_HW_CDC_BUS_RESET_EVENT");
+        break;
+      case ARDUINO_HW_CDC_RX_EVENT:
+        Serial0.println("\nCDC EVENT:: ARDUINO_HW_CDC_RX_EVENT");
+        // sends all bytes read from USB Hardware Serial to UART0
+        while (HWCDCSerial.available()) Serial0.write(HWCDCSerial.read());
+        break;
+      case ARDUINO_HW_CDC_TX_EVENT:
+        Serial0.println("CDC EVENT:: ARDUINO_HW_CDC_TX_EVENT");
+        break;
+
+      default:
+        break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+bool isPlugged() {
+  return usb_serial_jtag_is_connected();
+}
+
+const char* _hwcdc_status[] = {
+  " USB Plugged but CDC is not connected\r\n",
+  " USB Plugged and CDC is connected\r\n",
+  " USB Unplugged and CDC not connected\r\n",
+  " USB Unplugged BUT CDC is connected :: PROBLEM\r\n",
+};
+
+const char* HWCDC_Status() {
+  int i = isPlugged() ? 0 : 2;
+  if(HWCDCSerial) i += 1;
+  return _hwcdc_status[i];
+}
+
+void setup() {
+  Serial0.begin(115200);
+  Serial0.setDebugOutput(true);
+
+  HWCDCSerial.begin();
+  HWCDCSerial.onEvent(usbEventCallback);
+  Serial0.println("Starting...");
+}
+
+void loop() {
+  static uint32_t counter = 0;
+  
+  Serial0.print(counter);
+  Serial0.print(HWCDC_Status());
+
+  if (HWCDCSerial) {
+    HWCDCSerial.printf("  [%ld] connected\n\r", counter);
+  }
+  // sends all bytes read from UART0 to USB Hardware Serial
+  while (Serial0.available()) HWCDCSerial.write(Serial0.read());
+  delay(1000);
+  counter++;
+}
+#endif